Special Education school law is established by the state in which the school is located. Each state submits its special education plan to the Department of Education in Washington for approval. When approved, that plan is deemed in compliance with federal law (as it is interpreted).  Read the state plan in your state -- it is what the school is "following" to provide services. Remember, this is all a matter of interpretation. Many court battles are waged about interpreting the law.

There are two areas of the law that apply to children with conditions that are serious enough to significantly impair learning: A 504 plan or an IEP. A 504 provides accommodations and modifications (such as extended testing time or testing in a quiet place) for children with medical issues that impede learning. Examples are Attention Deficit, Central Auditory Processing Disorder, Dyslexia, or Dysgraphia to name a few. An IEP, provides extra services from a special education teacher and automatically comes with the right to receive accommodations that are agreed to in the IEP. In order to receive an IEP, a child must fit the requirements for one of the recognized categories, such as learning disability or "other health impaired."

National:
Nationally known attorney and special education advocate, Peter Wright, maintains a website with excellent resources:
www.wrightslaw.com

Missouri:
Free assistance with an Individualized Education Plan (IEP) or in obtaining school testing for learning disabilities is available from The Missouri Parents Act (MPACT)
http://www.ptimpact.com/

The Missouri Department of Elementary and Secondary Education has a massive website. Here are a few key pages:

Want to know the goals for each subject by grade level? After clicking this link, click on your subject area of interest from list at top left: http://www.dese.mo.gov/divimprove/curriculum/
Special Education has a very large section: http://www.dese.mo.gov/divspeced/

Kansas:
Free assistance with an individualized Education Plan (IEP) or in obtaining school testing for learning disabilities (or other disabilities) is available from Families Together
http://www.familiestogetherinc.org/

Kansas Department of Education - Special Education http://www.ksbe.state.ks.us/Default.aspx?tabid=101